Title
Catacutan vs. People
Case
G.R. No. 175991
Decision Date
Aug 31, 2011
A public officer refused to implement valid promotions of complainants, resulting in conviction for graft; court affirmed decision citing due process was upheld and evidence was properly excluded.

Case Digest (G.R. No. 175991)
Expanded Legal Reasoning Model

Facts:

  • Parties Involved:
    • Petitioner: Jose R. Catacutan, Officer-In-Charge (OIC) Principal of Surigao del Norte School of Arts and Trades (SNSAT).
    • Private Complainants: Georgito Posesano and Magdalena Divinagracia, employees of SNSAT who were promoted to Vocational Instruction Supervisor III.
  • Promotional Appointments:
    • On June 2, 1997, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Caraga Administrative Region appointed and promoted private complainants to Vocational Instruction Supervisor III with Salary Grade 18.
    • These appointments were approved and attested as permanent by the Civil Service Commission (CSC) on June 3, 1997.
  • Refusal to Implement Appointments:
    • Despite receiving the appointment letters on June 6, 1997, petitioner refused to implement the promotions, citing procedural lapses in the preparation of the appointment papers.
    • Petitioner claimed that the appointment papers were improperly prepared and lacked necessary details, such as the date of effectivity.
  • Administrative and Legal Actions:
    • Private complainants filed a formal complaint against petitioner for grave abuse of authority and disrespect of lawful orders before the Office of the Ombudsman for Mindanao on August 2, 1997.
    • Petitioner was charged with violation of Section 3(e) of Republic Act (RA) No. 3019 (Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act) for refusing to implement the promotions, causing undue injury to the complainants.
  • Defense of Petitioner:
    • Petitioner argued that his refusal was not motivated by bad faith but by a desire to protect the government’s interest by ensuring strict compliance with procedural requirements.
    • He claimed that he sought clarification from higher authorities but received no response.
  • RTC and Sandiganbayan Decisions:
    • The Regional Trial Court (RTC) convicted petitioner of violating Section 3(e) of RA 3019, sentencing him to six years and one month imprisonment, perpetual disqualification from public office, and payment of moral damages to the complainants.
    • The Sandiganbayan affirmed the RTC’s decision, ruling that petitioner acted with evident bad faith and caused undue injury to the complainants.

Issues:

  • Whether petitioner’s constitutional rights to due process and equal protection of the law were violated when he was denied the opportunity to present the Court of Appeals (CA) Decision in CA-G.R. SP No. 51795 as evidence in his defense.

Ruling:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Ratio:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Conclusion:

The Supreme Court upheld the conviction of petitioner Jose R. Catacutan for violating Section 3(e) of RA 3019, affirming the penalties imposed by the lower courts. The Court emphasized that petitioner’s actions constituted evident bad faith and caused undue injury to the complainants, warranting the imposition of criminal liability.

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