Title
BPI Family Bank vs. Franco
Case
G.R. No. 123498
Decision Date
Nov 23, 2007
BPI-FB froze Franco’s accounts over forged transactions; SC ruled freezing unlawful, awarded Franco deposits, interest, and attorney’s fees, but denied moral/exemplary damages.

Case Digest (G.R. No. 249410)

Facts:

  • Opening and misappropriation of bank deposits
    • On August 15, 1989, Tevesteco Arrastre-Stevedoring Co., Inc. opened savings and current accounts with BPI-Family Bank (SFDM branch).
    • On August 25, 1989, First Metro Investment Corporation (FMIC) opened a one-year time deposit of ₱100,000,000 with the same branch.
    • On August 31, 1989, Amado Franco opened three accounts (current, savings, time deposit) funded with ₱2,000,000 traceable to a check by Tevesteco, itself funded by an ₱80,000,000 debit from FMIC’s account under a forged Authority to Debit.
  • Discovery of forgery and bank’s set-off
    • September 4, 1989: FMIC’s EVP Ong declared his signature on the Authority to Debit forged; Tevesteco had already withdrawn ₱37,455,410.54, including ₱2,000,000 paid to Franco.
    • September 8, 1989: BPI-FB debited Franco’s current and savings accounts to recover remaining balances; was unable to debit his time deposit due to computer limitations.
  • Dishonor of checks and garnishment proceedings
    • Two checks drawn by Franco on September 11 and 18, 1989 were dishonored by BPI-FB and stamped “account under garnishment” pursuant to an attachment order in Makati RTC Civil Case No. 89-4996.
    • Franco received notice of garnishment only on September 27, 1989, after his checks were dishonored; he was impleaded in the Makati case on May 15, 1990, and obtained an order lifting the attachment on May 16, 1990.
  • Subsequent transactions and litigation history
    • May 17, 1990: Franco pre-terminated his time deposit; BPI-FB deducted ₱63,189 as advance interest.
    • June 4, 1990: Franco filed suit in Manila RTC (Civil Case No. 90-53295) to recover:
      • Interest on his current account balance released October 31, 1991.
      • Balance of his savings account (₱98,973.23) plus interest.
      • The ₱63,189 deducted from his time deposit.
      • Actual, moral, exemplary damages and attorney’s fees.
    • August 4, 1993: Manila RTC rendered judgment in Franco’s favor ordering BPI-FB to pay interest on current account (₱76,500), savings balance with interest (₱498,973.23), attorney’s fees (₱30,000), nominal damages (₱10,000); dismissed bank’s counterclaim.
    • CA (1995) affirmed with modification, adding ₱63,189 for time deposit interest, ₱200,000 moral damages, ₱100,000 exemplary damages, and increasing attorney’s fees to ₱75,000.

Issues:

  • Rightful ownership and bank’s authority to freeze or set-off Franco’s deposits
  • Entitlement to interest on current, savings, and time deposit accounts
  • Validity of Franco’s recovery of the ₱400,000 held in Quiaoit’s account
  • Lawfulness of dishonoring Franco’s checks under garnishment procedures
  • Awardability of moral and exemplary damages against BPI-FB
  • Proper award of attorney’s fees
  • Sufficiency of factual and legal basis for BPI-FB’s counterclaim

Ruling:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Ratio:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Doctrine:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

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