Title
Arigo vs. Swift
Case
G.R. No. 206510
Decision Date
Sep 16, 2014
USS Guardian grounding on Tubbataha Reefs led to environmental damage claims; SC dismissed petition, citing US sovereign immunity and insufficient evidence against Philippine officials.

Case Digest (G.R. No. 206510)
Expanded Legal Reasoning Model

Facts:

  • Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP)
    • Proclamation No. 306 (August 11, 1988) declared the reefs a National Marine Park.
    • Inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (1993); RA 10067 (2009) established a no-take policy and the Tubbataha Protected Area Management Board (TPAMB).
  • Grounding of USS Guardian
    • USS Guardian, an Avenger-class US Navy mine countermeasures ship, obtained diplomatic clearance in December 2012, called at Subic Bay (January 13, 2013), then departed for Makassar.
    • On January 17, 2013 at 2:20 a.m., the vessel grounded on South Shoal of the Tubbataha south atoll; no injuries or fuel leaks; wreck entirely removed by March 30, 2013.
  • Petition for Writ of Kalikasan (April 17, 2013)
    • Filed by clergy, environmentalists, NGOs, party-list representatives, academe, minors and future generations against:
      • US respondents (Fleet and ship commanders)
      • Philippine respondents (President, Cabinet secretaries, AFP and Coast Guard officers)
    • Alleged violations of RA 10067:
      • Unauthorized entry (Sec. 19), nonpayment of fees (Sec. 21), obstruction (Sec. 30)
      • Reef damage (Sec. 20), resource disturbance (Sec. 26[g])
      • Challenged VFA immunities and sought TEPO plus broad injunctive, administrative, civil and criminal reliefs, including buffer zones, ecological guidelines, and compensation.

Issues:

  • Do petitioners have standing under the writ of Kalikasan and RA 10067?
  • May the Court exercise jurisdiction over US respondents given sovereign immunity and the VFA?
  • Is the prayer for a Temporary Environmental Protection Order (TEPO) moot after salvage completion?
  • What reliefs are available under the writ of Kalikasan—injunctive versus damages?
  • Can this Court review or nullify VFA provisions on immunity?

Ruling:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Ratio:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Doctrine:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

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