Title
Alba vs. Evangelista
Case
G.R. No. L-10360
Decision Date
Jan 17, 1957
Vivencio Alajar challenged Juliano Alba's designation as Acting Vice-Mayor, questioning the constitutionality of Section 8 of Republic Act No. 603. The Supreme Court upheld the law, ruling Alajar's tenure expired, not removed, and nullified the trial court's immediate execution order during appeal.
A

Case Digest (G.R. No. L-10360)

Facts:

  • Appointment and Confirmation of Vivencio C. Alajar
    • On January 1, 1954, the President appointed Vivencio C. Alajar as Vice-Mayor of Roxas City.
    • Alajar took his oath on January 6, 1954, and his appointment was confirmed by the Commission on Appointments on March 31, 1954.
  • Designation of Juliano A. Alba as Acting Vice-Mayor
    • In November 1955, Assistant Executive Secretary Enrique C. Quema, by presidential direction, informed Alajar that Juliano A. Alba was designated Acting Vice-Mayor effective immediately; this was confirmed by a presidential telegram dated November 23, 1955.
    • Executive Secretary Fred Ruiz Castro notified Alba of his designation and instructed him to qualify; Alba took his oath and assumed office on November 19, 1955.
  • Quo Warranto Proceedings in the Court of First Instance
    • Alajar filed Quo Warranto Case No. V-2041, alleging (a) usurpation by Alba; (b) absence of vacancy; and (c) lack of legal cause for removal.
    • After hearing, the trial court held that Alajar was entitled to remain in office “until he resigns, dies or is removed for cause” and denied costs.
  • Appeal and Orders for Execution and Injunction
    • Alba appealed on February 3, 1956. On February 7, Alajar moved for immediate execution of the lower court’s decision; on February 18, 1956, the trial court granted the motion.
    • Alba petitioned the Supreme Court for certiorari and a writ of preliminary injunction against execution; the Solicitor General intervened to defend the constitutionality of Section 8 of Republic Act No. 603.

Issues:

  • Jurisdictional Issue
    • Whether the trial court had jurisdiction to order immediate execution of its judgment after the appeal had been perfected.
  • Substantive Constitutional Issue
    • Whether, under Section 8 of Republic Act No. 603 (providing that the Vice-Mayor “shall hold office at the pleasure of the President”), the President could legally replace Alajar with Alba without cause.

Ruling:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Ratio:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Doctrine:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

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