Title
Acosta vs. Supreme Court
Case
A.M. No. 23-05-05-SC
Decision Date
Feb 27, 2024
Atty. Acosta, Chief of the PAO, found guilty of indirect contempt for publicly criticizing the court and violating professional conduct standards. Fined PHP 180,000 for her actions supporting the removal of a legal provision on conflict of interest.

Case Digest (A.M. No. 23-05-05-SC)
Expanded Legal Reasoning Model

Facts:

  • Background and Parties Involved
    • Atty. Persida V. Rueda-Acosta (Atty. Acosta) is the Chief of the Public Attorney's Office (PAO).
    • On April 20, 2023, PAO sent a letter to Chief Justice Alexander G. Gesmundo petitioning to delete Section 22, Canon III of the proposed Code of Professional Responsibility and Accountability (CPRA).
    • PAO requested that Section 22, Canon III be either removed or temporarily not implemented pending further review for constitutionality and impact.
  • Section 22, Canon III Overview
    • The section addresses conflict of interest specific to the PAO.
    • It provides that conflict of interest is imputed only to the lawyer involved and their direct supervisor, not to the entire PAO lawyers.
    • It aims to ensure access to legal aid for marginalized sectors without blanket disqualification due to conflict of interest.
  • PAO's Arguments Against Section 22, Canon III
    • PAO argued that the provision discriminates against it and is contrary to the principle of adequate legal assistance.
    • Claimed it threatens the right to speedy disposition of cases and public trust.
    • Alleged the new rule conflicts with Republic Act No. 9406 and the PAO Revised Operations Manual.
  • Court's Initial Resolution and Response
    • On July 11, 2023, the Court denied the request to delete Section 22, Canon III.
    • The Court stressed its authority to promulgate the CPRA and the importance of upholding access to legal assistance by limiting conflict of interest imputation.
    • Highlighted PAO's mandate to provide free legal aid to indigents and rejected treating PAO like ordinary law firms.
  • Atty. Acosta's Conduct
    • Atty. Acosta publicly opposed Section 22 through social media posts and videos, rallying PAO lawyers, employees, and clients.
    • She also publicized PAO's letters and Manifestos against the CPRA provisions.
    • Issued Office Order No. 096, Series of 2023, which appeared to instigate disobedience to Section 22, Canon III, leading to a second show cause order.
  • Atty. Acosta’s Compliance and Apologies
    • Filed two Verified Compliances expressing regret, apologizing, and committing to abide by the CPRA.
    • Deleted all related social media posts.
    • Issued an amended Office Order to clarify the PAO's intent to comply fully with Section 22.
  • Detailed Examination of Statements and Actions
    • Atty. Acosta made public statements insinuating ill intent on the Court’s part, accusing it of undermining unity, peace, and legal aid.
    • Her actions were found to undermine the dignity of the Court and possibly influence public opinion against the judiciary.
    • The Court found these acts constituted indirect contempt and violations of CPRA provisions.

Issues:

  • Whether Atty. Acosta's public opposition to Section 22, Canon III of the CPRA and related acts constitute indirect contempt of court.
  • Whether Atty. Acosta violated specific provisions of the CPRA, namely Sections 2, 14, and 42, Canon II.
  • Whether the Office Order issued by Atty. Acosta constitutes disobedience and further violation of the CPRA.
  • What sanctions or penalties are appropriate for Atty. Acosta’s conduct.

Ruling:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Ratio:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Doctrine:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

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