Title
Cagas vs. Commission on Elections
Case
G.R. No. 194139
Decision Date
Jan 24, 2012
Election protest over Davao del Sur governorship; COMELEC upheld Bautista's protest as sufficient; SC dismissed Cagas's certiorari, citing no jurisdiction over interlocutory orders.

Case Digest (G.R. No. 177429)

Facts:

  • Parties and Election Background
    • Douglas R. Cagas (petitioner) and Claude P. Bautista (respondent) ran for Governor of Davao del Sur in the May 10, 2010 automated national and local elections.
    • Official canvassing completed on May 14, 2010, proclaimed Cagas the winner with 163,440 votes; Bautista had 159,527 votes.
  • Protest Filing and COMELEC Proceedings
    • Bautista filed an electoral protest on May 24, 2010 (EPC No. 2010-42), alleging fraud, anomalies, irregularities, vote buying, and election law violations.
    • The case was raffled to the COMELEC First Division.
  • Petitioner’s Affirmative Defenses and First Assailed Order
    • Cagas raised special affirmative defenses, arguing Bautista failed to (a) make the required cash deposit on time, and (b) render a detailed specification of complained acts or omissions.
    • On August 13, 2010, the COMELEC First Division denied petitioner’s affirmative defenses, holding:
      • Bautista made substantial compliance with cash deposit requirement by paying on June 3, 2010.
      • Bautista sufficiently specified the acts and omissions complained of, complying with COMELEC Resolution No. 8804.
  • Motion for Reconsideration and Second Assailed Order
    • Petitioner moved for reconsideration, contending that:
      • The order failed to evaluate if the protest specified irregularities as required by Section 2, Rule 19 of COMELEC Resolution No. 8804.
      • The protest lacked the "detailed specification" mandated by Section 7(g), Rule 6 of the same resolution, aimed at preventing indiscriminate fishing expeditions.
      • Cited jurisprudence (PeAa v. HRET) to support dismissal.
    • Bautista opposed, arguing:
      • The orders were interlocutory and not subject to elevation to COMELEC en banc.
      • The protest met procedural requirements to apprise the protestee of the issues.
    • On October 7, 2010, the COMELEC First Division denied the motion for reconsideration, stating:
      • The protest substantially complied with requirements, warranting the opening of ballot boxes.
      • The order was interlocutory, not subject to elevation to the COMELEC en banc.
  • Petitioner’s Recourse and Petition for Certiorari
    • Dissatisfied, petitioner filed a special civil action for certiorari directly before the Supreme Court, assailing the interlocutory orders denying his affirmative defenses and motion for reconsideration.

Issues:

  • Whether a party aggrieved by an interlocutory order of a COMELEC Division may directly file a petition for certiorari in the Supreme Court.
  • Whether the COMELEC First Division gravely abused its discretion in denying petitioner’s special affirmative defenses and refusing to summarily dismiss the electoral protest for insufficiency in form and content.
  • Whether the protest filed by Bautista met the procedural requirements for specification of frauds and irregularities under COMELEC Resolution No. 8804.
  • Whether the case law on the reliability of the automated election system bars an election protest that challenges automated election results.

Ruling:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Ratio:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Doctrine:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

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