Title
Weigall vs. Shuster
Case
G.R. No. 1435
Decision Date
Sep 28, 1908
A jurisdictional dispute arises in the Philippines when a Collector of Customs imposes a fine on a British ship captain, leading to a legal battle over the court's authority to enforce the fine and punish the Collector for contempt of court.
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Case Digest (G.R. No. 1435)

Facts:

  • The case involves a jurisdictional dispute between G. S. Weigall (plaintiff-appellee) and W. Morgan Shuster (defendant-appellant), the Collector of Customs for the Philippine Islands.
  • On March 4, 1903, Shuster fined Weigall, the captain of the British steamer Loonsang, $200 for allegedly violating the Chinese Exclusion Law by allowing an immigrant to escape.
  • Shuster asserted a lien on the vessel and refused to issue clearance papers unless the fine was paid.
  • Weigall filed a complaint on March 5, 1903, and obtained an injunction from Judge Ambler of the Court of First Instance, ordering Shuster to desist from collecting the fine.
  • Shuster released the vessel but agreed with its owners, Smith, Bell & Co., to pay the fine if sustained.
  • Shuster did not appear in the action, resulting in a default judgment on April 1, 1903, making the injunction permanent.
  • Shuster then initiated an action in the Court of Customs Appeals against Weigall, Smith, Bell & Co., and the steamer Loonsang to enforce the fine.
  • He also filed a petition for a writ of prohibition against Judge Ambler and Weigall, which was granted but not enforced.
  • Proceedings were taken against Shuster for contempt of court for violating the injunction.
  • Shuster argued he had no jurisdiction to impose the fine administratively and that the Court of First Instance lacked jurisdiction.
  • Judge Sweeney of the Court of First Instance found Shuster in contempt, fined him 500 Mexican dollars, and ordered him to dismiss the suits in the Court of Customs Appeals or face imprisonment.

Issue:

  • (Unlock)

Ruling:

  1. Yes, the Court of First Instance had jurisdiction to issue the injunction.
  2. No, the fine imposed by the Collector of Customs was not valid and enforceable.
  3. Yes, the Collecto...(Unlock)

Ratio:

  • The Supreme Court of the Philippines, through Justice Tracey, held that the Court of First Instance had jurisdiction over the matter.
  • The court emphasized that misdemeanors and penalties under the Chinese Exclusion Act were to be enforced by the courts, not administratively by customs officials.
  • Laws of the Philippine Commission conflicting with ...continue reading

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