Facts:

• The case involves Larry Torres, Sr. (accused-appellant) and the People of the Philippines (plaintiff-appellee).
• The incident occurred on January 19, 2000, around 9:00 PM in Barangay Libato, Municipality of San Juan, Batangas.
• An Information was filed against Torres, Sr. for the murder of Michael M. Santonia.
• Witnesses, including Mitchell Santonia (the victim's brother), testified that both brothers were at Liberato Perez's home drinking and playing pool.
• An argument arose between Michael and Torres, Sr.
• As the Santonia brothers were leaving, Mitchell heard a gunshot and saw Michael shot in the head by Torres, Sr., who was armed with a .38 caliber firearm.
• Michael was declared dead upon arrival at the hospital.
• Torres, Sr. claimed that Michael pointed a gun at him, and during a struggle, the gun accidentally discharged.
• The Regional Trial Court (RTC) found Torres, Sr. guilty of murder, citing treachery, and sentenced him to reclusion perpetua with monetary damages to the victim's heirs.
• The Court of Appeals (CA) affirmed the RTC's decision, leading to the current appeal.

Issue:

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Ruling:

• The Supreme Court affirmed the conviction of Larry Torres, Sr. for murder.
• The Court ruled that the prosecution established his guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
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Ratio:

• The Supreme Court emphasized that the elements of murder were sufficiently proven, including the identity of the perpetrator and the circumstances of the killing.
• Testimonies from prosecution witnesses were credible and consistent, showing that the accused shot the victim from behind without warning, fulfilling the criteria for treachery.
• Treachery exists when the attack is sudden, leaving the victim with no cha...continue reading