Title
Bondoc vs. De Guzman
Case
A.C. No. 279-J
Decision Date
May 30, 1974
Judge acquitted accused of rape but awarded damages for moral injury; administrative complaint alleging judicial misconduct dismissed by Supreme Court.
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Case Digest (A.C. No. 279-J)

Facts:

  1. Case Background: In Criminal Cases Nos. 33 and 71 of the Court of First Instance of Tarlac, Florante Bungay was charged with two counts of rape against Noemi Bondoc, a 12-year-old girl.
  2. Judgment of Acquittal: On January 25, 1973, Judge Jose de Guzman acquitted Bungay but ordered him to pay P12,000.00 to the victim and another P12,000.00 to her parents under Article 21 of the New Civil Code.
  3. Complaint Filed: Gregoria V. Bondoc, the victim’s mother, filed an administrative complaint against Judge de Guzman, alleging gross ignorance of the law, grave abuse of discretion, and knowingly rendering an unjust judgment.
  4. Allegations by Complainant:
    • The prosecution presented multiple witnesses, while the defense relied solely on the accused.
    • Postponements were allegedly granted to allow the accused to seek forgiveness from the victim’s family.
    • The decision lacked findings of fact and was contrary to the evidence presented.
    • The judge allegedly believed the accused was guilty, as evidenced by the award of damages.
    • The decision was allegedly known to the accused’s family ten days before its promulgation.
  5. Respondent’s Defense:
    • Witness credibility is more important than the number of witnesses.
    • No postponement was granted for settlement purposes.
    • The decision was based on careful evaluation of evidence, including the physical limitations of the accused.
    • The award of damages was based on moral injury, not a finding of guilt.
    • The claim that the decision was prematurely known is baseless.

Issue:

  1. Whether Judge Jose de Guzman committed gross ignorance of the law, grave abuse of discretion, or knowingly rendered an unjust judgment.
  2. Whether the acquittal of the accused despite the award of damages was legally justified.
  3. Whether the allegations of procedural irregularities and premature knowledge of the decision are valid.

Ruling:

The Supreme Court dismissed the administrative complaint against Judge Jose de Guzman, finding no evidence of gross ignorance of the law, grave abuse of discretion, or knowingly rendering an unjust judgment.

Ratio:

  1. Witness Credibility Over Quantity: The Court upheld the principle that witness credibility, not the number of witnesses, determines the outcome of a case. The judge’s assessment of the evidence was deemed reasonable and consistent with legal standards.
  2. Moral Liability vs. Criminal Guilt: The acquittal of the accused does not preclude civil liability for moral injury under Article 21 of the New Civil Code. The award of damages was based on the moral obligation of the accused as the victim’s uncle.
  3. Due Process and Fair Trial: The judge followed proper procedures in evaluating evidence and issuing the decision. There was no evidence of procedural irregularities or premature disclosure of the decision.
  4. Judicial Discretion: Errors in judgment, if not gross or patently erroneous, do not constitute grounds for administrative liability. The judge acted within his discretion and in good faith.


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